American cichlids

American cichlids are worth a closer examination if you’re new to the world of freshwater fish. Originating in the Americas, these colorful and interesting fish are a favorite among aquarium hobbyists. American cichlids are well-known for their vivid colors and distinct personalities, and they can infuse your tank with excitement and a hint of the wild.

There is a wide variety of sizes, shapes, and behaviors among American cichlids, ranging from the energetic Jack Dempsey to the gorgeous Oscar. Because each species has unique characteristics and maintenance needs, hobbyists find them to be an intriguing challenge. Acquiring knowledge about these intriguing fish can enhance your aquarium experience, regardless of your level of experience.

Not only are American cichlids unique in terms of appearance, but also in terms of behavior and social interactions. They can be highly territorial and frequently have complex social dynamics. To maintain a peaceful environment, they therefore require a little more care in how their habitat is set up and how their tankmates interact with it. You can create a vibrant aquarium that best displays these stunning fish by being aware of their needs and characteristics.

Type	Description
Oscar	Popular for their intelligence and vibrant colors. They need a large tank and can be territorial.
Angelfish	Known for their unique shape and graceful swimming. They thrive in groups and prefer a well-planted tank.
Discus	Beautiful, round fish with bright colors. They require stable water conditions and a bit more care.
Jack Dempsey	A tough and aggressive species, named after the boxer. They need a spacious tank and can be a challenge for beginners.
Green Terror	Vividly colored with a bit of a temper. They grow quite large and need plenty of space to roam.
Severum	Generally peaceful and easy to care for. They have a distinctive, flat body and can adapt to various tank setups.

Representatives of South America

They inhabit the Amazon and river systems that empty into the Atlantic Ocean in their natural habitat. Shallow rivers and channels that run next to expansive, shaded rainforests are favorite locations.

Chromis butterfly

Easily gets along with other fish, making it one of the friendliest representatives of the American cichlid species. prefers to gather in groups. The chromis butterfly has high standards for its aquarium habitat; it will not tolerate temperature fluctuations or changes in the hardness of the water, which should always be kept clean.

The body of a butterfly chromis is high, and its dorsal fin is prominent. More vibrant colors and a convex, voluptuous abdomen set females apart. The fins are black, the belly is reddish, and a dark transverse stripe passes through the head. Eggs are placed on glass and stones. There is a two-day incubation period before the fry emerge.

High-bodied angelfish

The biggest possible angelfish. Smaller in size, the character is calm, amiable, and gets along well with other fish. The person is between eighteen and twenty centimeters long. The predominant hue is silvery with hints of green. Dark colored vertical stripes pierce the body. A deep red tail is a characteristic of certain species representatives.

Massive and elevated are the anal and dorsal fins. Because high-bodied angelfish require such erratic care, only those with some background in the aquarium industry are able to maintain them. In captivity, breeding is nearly impossible.

Scalary

Among the most well-known and common aquarium fish. The species is unique in that its body is extremely flattened on the sides, and its anal and dorsal fins are elongated, allowing the fish to see the rhombus. Fish are characterized by their vibrant colors and varied variety of color.

Scalars don’t give a damn about the circumstances of their confinement. Characteristic: aggressive, particularly during the spawning phase. They don’t get along well with other fish, particularly the smaller ones. Around a thousand eggs are laid by the female on the leaves of aquarium plants.

Oscar

Other names for the species include buffalo and astronomer. Common aquarium fish that are readily available. The dimensions are large, with a body that is high and rounded fins, and a length of up to 35 cm. Terracotta hues with black highlights. People who have been artificially bred vary greatly in color.

Oscar adores clean water with a medium hardness and soil made of boulders and stones of a moderate size. Those who belong to this species are known for their cunning and intelligence. They are tameable, and they will occasionally tolerate being petted. However, you must handle them carefully because of their sharp teeth because they have the potential to bite a finger. It is not practical to breed fish in home aquariums due to their large size. An Oscar’s life cycle spans roughly 20 years.

Severum Ephasciatus

Its character is open, amiable, and has beautiful variegated coloring. During spawning, it may exhibit increased aggression. Body length: 20 to 25 centimeters. Maintaining consistent water parameters is the primary concern for this species of aquarium fish.

It is advised to keep Severum Ephasciatus in a flock. An individual of the species will start acting aggressively if it is left alone in the aquarium. The fish reproduce by pairing off, and they are very selective in who they choose to partner with. Parents fiercely defend their eggs, which they can conceal in their mouths during periods of heightened danger.

Chromis-beautiful

Dangerously handsome is the most defining feature of an individual in this species. Not meant for aquarists without the necessary experience to keep. Chromis-beautiful is red in color, with females exhibiting a stronger color during the spawning season. There are light-colored dots with a blue tint all over the body and fins.

Character-heavy; there is almost no chance of typical compatibility with other species. Attacks by this species of fish on one another are not unusual. Once in a lifetime, a couple forms. Approximately 600 eggs are laid, and the incubation period lasts for one day. The aquarium’s numerous hiding places from plants and stones are what matter most, as the fish requires very little in the way of care.

Severum Notatus

A lovely, worthy aquarium occupant, an individual’s length ranges from 20 to 30 cm, and it has a fairly large body size. Body type: somewhat elongated at the sides. The anal and dorsal fin points of males are more pointed than those of females. Color: iridescent yellow-blue with reddish dots on the body and fins; dark speckles on females.

Maintaining the species is easy; as long as the water is clean, there are no specific requirements for its parameters. The fish don’t engage in conflict with other aquarium occupants because of their calm, placid disposition. However, they are particular about who they date.

Blue Acara

Among the most accommodating and low-maintenance fish species for aquarium aquariums. Fish that were raised in captivity initially have a paler color than members of their natural species; this is explained by closely related mixing. An adult fish’s body length ranges from 13 to 15 cm.

With a blue tint, blue is the primary color. From the center of the body to the eyes is a dark stripe. Male fins are sharp, while female fins are rounded. Fish that consume carrion, blue acara. Character: Calm, serene, but some individuals in the species may exhibit a hunting inclination when pursuing smaller fish. The fish pair up during the spawning season, and 200 eggs are laid.

Akara Maroni

The species is also known as "keyhole." Although its color is unimpressive, aquarists have come to love this species because of its peaceful disposition, compatibility with other fish, and lack of need for complicated conditions. Male adults can grow to a maximum length of 11 cm, while females have more rounded fins.

Gray dominates, with orange blotches and a hint of yellow. A spot beneath the fin on the side and a stripe that runs vertically through the eyes, like a keyhole, are distinguishing characteristics. During the spawning season, adult akara individuals form pairs and are simple to care for and reproduce.

Turquoise Akara

A large example of an American cichlid, an adult can grow to a length of 30 cm. One characteristic that sets them apart is the hump on the back of their heads. The hump only shows up during the spawning season in wild fish of this species. Every scale has a black spot to indicate its main color, which is turquoise. An orange border surrounds the tips of the tail and fin.

The turquoise acara is delicate and dislikes living plants. Aggressive in nature. Members of this species attack not only other aquarium fish species but also their relatives in an effort to defend their territory. Turquoise acaras are permanent couples that lay up to 400 eggs over the course of up to four days of incubation.

Pearl cichlid

The females of this species are more graceful and smaller, with a maximum body length of 15 cm, whereas males can reach lengths of up to 25 cm. Males can also be identified by a more saturated color. People are asymmetrical in the back of their heads. The species got its name "pearl" because of the predominant color, which is gray with a hint of blue and turquoise spots all over the body.

Character: autonomous and self-sufficient; they attack other fish to protect their territory and avoid interacting with other aquarium occupants. Coexistence at normal levels is only feasible with aquarium volumes up to 500 liters. It is advised to keep no more than two individuals with other fish. Their living conditions are very strict; if the water is not of the best quality, the fish will begin to become ill.

Checkerboard cichlid

Professional aquarists are the only ones who can keep them because fish are highly finicky about their living conditions and water quality. The fish is tiny; its length does not exceed 4 cm. The color is somewhat faded, mostly consisting of gray and yellow tones. There are many tiny squares with beveled edges scattered throughout the body, exclusively arranged in a checkerboard pattern.

The fins of males have red grains. The ideal conditions for keeping are high heat in a mildly acidic environment, with the water needing to be tinted brown with the aid of leaves. Character: calm and reserved, but that doesn’t stop the little fish from bravely defending its area and confronting other locals in public. In captivity, breeding is nearly impossible.

Yellow-eyed cichlid

A stunning fish, up to 7 cm in length, with iridescent scales, that requires no fuss in its maintenance. Males have more color; their primary hue is yellow, and their scales glimmer blue in the light. The species is distinguished by its large yellow eyes.

Because the yellow-eyed cichlid is a vibrant example of an aquarium fish species that has been commercially bred, maintaining them doesn’t require the creation of intricate and specialized conditions. Calm and non-aggressive, the fish gets along well with other species in the same aquarium. The instinctive behavior of females is to defend their eggs and then the fry until they are fully grown.

Umbrella cichlid

A tiny, gregarious, amiable representation of American cichlids that gets along well with other aquarium occupants despite their much larger stature. An adult specimen’s maximum length is 6.5 cm. Depending on the area of choice, the color will vary, but typically the coloring is blue and yellow with a hint of blue. Females are more faded, but, like males, have pronounced, spreading fins.

Due to their extensive commercial breeding history, the fish are highly adaptable to nearly any aquarium setup. They have a calm, easygoing temperament and get along well with other residents. Females may become aggressive during spawning, which makes sense given the fry’s defense. In ideal circumstances, spawning takes place year-round.

Apistogramma MacMaster

A stunning fish with a fiery temperament that is particularly noticeable during the spawning season. The species has specific requirements for its habitat; it becomes sick quickly in unclean water with the incorrect acidity level. The temperamental apistogramma is a tiny creature, with males having a maximum body length of 5.5 cm and females slightly smaller.

A dark stripe passes through the eyes, and parallel dark strokes run along the body, dominating the colors red and yellow with varying iridescence. Apistogramma MacMasteri is a fish that feeds on carrion. Only in brownish water that is closest to its natural habitat does it feel at ease. During the spawning season, the peaceful but independent fish fearlessly attack their own relatives. In captivity, they breed easily, producing up to 120 eggs.

Apistogramma Agassizii

Due to its appealing appearance, ease of maintenance, and compatibility with other aquarium inhabitants, Apistogramma Agassizii is one of the most popular fish among beginning aquarists. For males, the maximum length of the body is 7.5 cm, while for females it is 4 cm.

These fish are carnivorous, with yellow as their primary color and shade. What sets them apart is a dark stripe that runs the length of the side, encircling the edges of the fins and featuring multicolored inclusions in the edging. Although the species is peaceful and tranquil by nature, small aquariums containing a wide variety of other fish species may exhibit signs of aggression.

Both sexes possess a strong sense of parental instinct, and year-round reproduction is possible in suitable living environments.

Apistogramma panda

Large dark spots under the eyes, a characteristic of the species’ coloring, gave rise to the species’ name. The primary color of the body is yellow, with an orange border around the tail’s edge. Another characteristic unique to this species is the tail’s slight roundness. Aggression and calmness are traits that emerge during the spawning phase.

Males are identified by more saturated colors and have a body length of up to 8 centimeters. The species is carnivorous and requires little attention, but tannins are needed to give the water a brownish tint. Pandas and other aquarium residents get along well. They have no trouble reproducing when kept in captivity.

Apistogramma cockatoo

A popular species of American cichlid that doesn’t require elaborate living arrangements, especially for novice aquarists. The cockatoo apistogram’s erratic and colorful appearance will liven up any aquarium. length of body up to 7.5 cm. Bright spots in a range of saturated colors are present on the body and fins. The name of the subspecies is indicative of the unusual coloring.

The colors of females fade more than those of males. A good neighbor for an aquarium is the cockatoo apistogram because of its peaceful nature. Aggression only appears when spawning is taking place. Subdued lighting and soft brownish water make the fish feel at ease.

Red chromis

An excellent species for novice aquarium keepers. The fish are striking, vibrant, and unforgettable. utterly carefree in attitude. Out of all the benefits of having a red chromosome, one "fly in the ointment" is that it causes excessive aggression during spawning. With a body length of up to 15 centimeters, the fish is fairly large. Rich red dominates the color, with white grains adorning the fins and entire body.

Although members of this species are generally calm and peaceful, during the spawning season they become hostile toward other aquarium residents and will even attack the owner if you leave your hand in the water for an extended period of time. Fish are unique in that they only form pairs once in their lives. There are 400 eggs, and the incubation period lasts for 48 hours.

Discus

It’s easy to fall in love with members of this species of American cichlids right away. They have a submissive and loyal nature, and they are elegant and majestic. It makes sense why discus are referred to as aquarium kings. An adult fish can grow to be as big as 25 cm in length. Both the dorsal and anal fins exhibit perfect symmetry.

Depending on the selection method, the coloring varies. Discus is a carnivore; it favors frozen or fresh meat products on the menu. The water must be kept at a high temperature for proper care. calm disposition; not easily offended by other animals. Breeding in captivity presents many challenges. There will be 200–400 eggs, and the incubation period will last 60 hours.

Discus Heckel

A fish with a highly peculiar appearance, also known as pineapple fish. This resident of the aquarium draws attention right away. The fish’s flattened sides give it the appearance of a rounded disk, and its body length can reach up to 20 cm.

The body is striped in three vertical directions: the first stripe is on the head, the second is in the middle, and the third is through the tail. Only adults typically have this color; juvenile animals typically have a faded hue. Depending on the sort of selection, red, blue, or green may be the dominant color.

The carnivorous pineapple fish needs specific living conditions, such as constant warmth in the water and moderate lighting. The species can become seriously ill due to its sensitivity to temperature changes. The fish has a calm, non-conflicting personality and prefers to live in small schools, consisting of six or more individuals. Captive reproduction is challenging.

Apistogramma Hongslo

This aquarium inhabitant’s colorful appearance and ease of care compensate for its complex intraspecific relationships. The fish is small, with an adult’s length not going over 6 cm. Red and yellow are the color’s primary hues. The entire side is covered in a dark stripe. Compared to females, males have more color.

The fish favors invertebrates on the menu. Character is very submissive; however, an apistogram of this kind can only be maintained with non-aggressive neighbors. Relationships are based on the presence of an alpha male who surrounds himself with females, much like a harem, rather than on the construction of couples. Males are the only ones that exhibit aggression during the spawning season.

Acara curviceps

A popular species among new aquarium owners. The fish is unique because of its similar character and relatively small size. The body can vary in color, has a maximum length of 9 cm, and undergoes constant change upon the emergence of new species. From purple to yellow, the whole spectrum will be the primary color.

Acara curviceps is utterly unassuming in terms of nutrition and maintenance. Character: Calm, serene, and a good neighbor for the similarly submissive, non-aggressive aquarium occupants. It is recommended to house the female in a different tank during the spawning period.

Fire-tailed apistogram

A peaceful, amiable carnivorous fish with small size requirements and low maintenance needs. Male body length is up to 7 cm, while female body length is up to 6 cm. The primary color is red, and males have dark body markings. A large spot on the tail is a distinguishing characteristic.

The Fire-tailed apistogram is frequently marketed under the name MacMaster because of the resemblance in appearance between the two species. They consume frozen and live food. Although maintenance is straightforward, it’s crucial to consistently maintain the same water qualities by replacing the water on a weekly basis (20–30%).

Character: calm, gets along with every fish in the aquarium. The dominance of males forms the basis of relations within species. About 100 eggs are present.

Acara Porto Alegre

A peculiar fish in every way. She has a vivid, striking appearance. These akars are utterly indifferent to their confinement circumstances; their only grievances are from severely tainted water and starvation. Body length: up to 20 cm for men and up to 15 cm for women.

Color: dark, with green and blue hues cast by the scales, and a black border running along each scale’s edge. A black stripe running the length of the side and spots near the base of the tail are distinguishing characteristics. People who are carnivores and do not consume a lot of food.

The character is reserved; Akara would rather stay out of conflicts with other locals. They can form pairs and are at ease being by themselves.

Tsichlazoma Mesonout

The tough and utterly unpretentious aquarium inhabitants don’t act aggressively or angrily toward other aquarium views; instead, they feel at ease in their company. Maximum length of body: 20 cm. Because of their close kinship, cichlasoma and angelfish naturally have similar appearances. An angular body shape with silver and yellow as the main colors; the variety of colors depends on the selection method.

One of its distinguishing characteristics is the diagonal black line that runs from the eyes to the tail. omnivorous in terms of diet. Acting in a calm manner. Cichlasoma can only be dangerous to smaller neighbors, like neons, which frequently fall prey to accidents. Monogamy is the foundation of interspecific relationships; captive-born offspring are exceedingly rare.

Geophagus demon

Despite their menacing name, the fish are actually peaceful, well-behaved neighbors for other aquarium occupants. Although they are not fussy about their living conditions, geophagus are very particular about the food they eat and the water they drink. Maximum length of body: 25 cm.

The body’s color is uniform, monochromatic, usually light, and scattered with tiny dots. Three sizable dark spots on the side are a defining characteristic of the look. It is nearly hard to tell a male from a female. They reside in compact communities with as few as six people.

The fish is calm and gets along well with people, despite its name. There are 200 eggs laid, and they take three days to hatch.

Geophagus steindachneri

The zoologist Steindachner, who was the first to describe these peculiar fish, is credited with giving the species its name. Beginner aquarists are not advised to keep the fish because they are quite demanding in terms of nutrition and care. Males and females have bodies that range in length from 11 to 15 cm. Red and yellow are the coloring’s primary hues.

One of the species’ distinguishing characteristics is the hump on the head. Relationships within a species can be complicated. For example, two male fish in a tank may constantly be at odds with one another in an attempt to get a female, but they may be calm and peaceful around the other fish in the tank. Men engage in polygamy. Throughout the up to two-week incubation period, the female holds the eggs in her mouth.

Red-breasted Acara

Not overly demanding in maintenance, with positive interactions with other aquarium inhabitants. The fish is small, with a 5 cm body length. The abdomen is crimson, and the back is mostly dark in color. There are blue grains on the fins and tail.

Males and females can hardly be distinguished from one another. Members of the species eat both plants and animals. They would rather live in pairs or in small schools of five people each. Calm is the character. Within captivity, they lay up to 30 pieces of eggs each, reproducing easily. a strong sense of parental instinct.

Carved Acara

Unassuming aquarium fish with amazing behavior and a placid demeanor. Males are larger and have more saturated colors; body length can reach up to 20 cm. The body is mostly beige with a few blue flecks. The fins and tail have blue, speckling that resembles threads. The abdomen and fins are covered in every hue in the rainbow.

Aquarists describe this acara as having a relatively calm personality and behavior. The number of neighbors and aquarium volume have a direct impact on how certain character traits show up. The fish are more aggressive in smaller aquariums. There is very little chance of breeding in captivity.

Geophagus altifrons

Only seasoned aquarium keepers are capable of caring for this pet. The fish are omnivores that can reach a length of 22 cm in their bodies. They can live in small schools with up to 8 people per group and are known for their peaceful and non-aggressive behavior. Depending on the region of choice, there are variations in color. Orange, red, and blue are the main hues.

The way that fish take in food is what makes them unique. Members of this species use their mouths to sift sand as they lift food from the bottom. They have high standards for water quality; it must be highly acidic with low levels of hardness and high in tannins.

Males that are housed in small spaces exhibit aggression. It is not difficult to breed in captivity; the female can hold up to 200 eggs in her mouth during the incubation phase.

Geophagus Weinmilleri

It is not at all intended for amateurs to keep this species. The fish are picky eaters who require specialized living arrangements and food. It is quite large, with a body length of up to 20 cm. Its primary color is yellow with an orange undertone, and its body is striped in blue. The presence of a dark patch in the center of the body is one distinguishing characteristic. The fins have light-colored grains and are red in color.

Males and females can hardly be distinguished from one another. Sand is sifted through the mouth during feeding, which occurs on the bottom. They reside in five-person schools. The character is non-conflicting, but if they live in close quarters, men may become aggressive and attack their smaller tribesmen. Subject to all maintenance requirements, progeny are regularly produced; 200 eggs are laid, and the incubation period lasts 72 hours.

Geofaus Yurupara

The demon fish is another name for it. This species of fish is used by the native people of South America to symbolize a malevolent forest spirit. Furthermore, it’s not about how hostile a generally peaceful fish is; rather, it’s about how it acts in the wild, where members of this species like to burrow under the surface and hide among fallen leaves. Men’s body length can reach up to 18 cm, while women have a more elegant figure of up to 15 cm.

The body color is consistent, and silver and beige hues shimmer when light is refracted between the scales. The head is enormous, and the intricate pattern of dark stripes interwoven with each other is hardly visible. At the base of the tail is a dark dot.

They have high standards for the cleanliness of the sandy bottom and the quality of the water, and they live in eight-person schools. Male fish can be aggressive toward their smaller tribe members, but overall, the fish are peaceful. Male dominance in relationships within a species. In captivity, spawning occurs frequently because the male keeps an eye on the progeny.

Bolivian butterfly

This species’ representatives are vivid, colorful, and exquisite, and because they require little maintenance, even inexperienced hobbyists can successfully keep them in an aquarium. Males’ bodies are short, measuring no more than 8 cm, while females’ bodies are slightly shorter. The body’s primary hue is a blend of red and yellow tones. One of the dark stripe strokes on the head goes through the eyes.

Butterflies don’t have any requirements for water quality, and they adore diffused light. Fish have a flexible nature; they typically inhabit small groups of eight to nine people. Couples are formed during the spawning season, and they each select a small patch of the bottom to lay their eggs on. The incubation period lasts for a maximum of three days.

Norberti apistogram

These apistograms are simple to maintain, don’t need special circumstances, and work well with other kinds. South America is their home continent. Male fish measure no more than 6 cm in length, while female fish are only 4 cm in length. The color blue is the most prevalent hue, with hints of pink and yellow. Stretching from the crown to the tail, the spinal fin is lengthy. At the base of the tail, its rays are painted orange-yellow. Brightening occurs during the spawning period.

Yellow is the predominant color for females. Seasonal variations in the pattern include a broad, dark stripe running across the body that vanishes during the spawning season. There is an ever-present diagonal stripe on the head that crosses both eyes. The standards for water quality and purity are high for Apistogramma Norbertii. They live in small groups or live alone. Although the character is even, males become more aggressive during the spawning period. Spawning happens on a regular basis.

Azure cichlid

A fish that is simple to maintain and has intricate relationships within its species. Males have a short body up to 7 cm and females up to 5 cm. The primary hue is blue, the edging is red, and the fins at the ends are painted with a yellow tint. Compared to men, females have a paler body color and a yellow body with prominent black spots on the head and in the middle of the body. Small invertebrates are preferred in their diet.

The aquarium should have small driftwood, beech, and oak leaves to create ideal conditions. Fish exhibit aggression towards one another within their flocks, which is particularly noticeable during the spawning season, despite the species’ generally calm nature. It is suggested that the group consist of one male and multiple female members. Regular spawning passes are made.

Hogigne apistogram

Serene view of an aquarium with basic habitat conditions, even for seasoned aquarium keepers. The length of the fish is 5 cm for females and no more than 6 cm for males. Depending on the region of choice, the color changes. Red-handed edges emerge on the tail’s sides during spawning, and the back fin turns blue.

A defining characteristic of the color is the existence of multiple symmetrically placed dark strokes and a dark stripe running the length of the head. Apistograms of Hogigne consume invertebrates. The hydrochemical parameters of water, which ought to remain constant, are highly selective about representations.

With the exception of spawning, when the fish act aggressively toward their neighbors in the aquarium, the fish is calm. It is preferable to momentarily reset to a different tank following the male spawn.

Apistogram is highly paid

Aside from fishing, their care is fairly simple, but because of their unusual and peculiar spawning behavior, novice aquarists are unlikely to be able to breed these fish. The fish have small bodies; the males can reach a length of 5 cm, while the females can reach a length of 4 cm. With blue tones, blue is the predominant color. The tail has a red paint job. The back and abdomen have long plaivniks. Women wear yellow paint. The body has multiple dark areas that extend to the sides.

There is a black stripe on the head that runs diagonally. The diet should be dominated by squirrels. The water’s temperature and hydrochemical composition should both be constant; variations in these factors can lead to illness. Fish are at ease in small groups as well as on their own. Keeping multiple males is not advised as they will undoubtedly clash. In captivity, spawning happens frequently; after laying eggs, the male should be moved.

Two-striped Apistogramma

Simple to maintain, unassuming when it comes to food, but obnoxious toward fish in nearby aquariums. The unwavering beauty reaches a maximum length of 7 cm. Shades of gray predominate in the primary color. Blue tail and fins. From the head to the tail, the back fin spans the whole length of the body. Dark colored horizontal stripes running the length of the body are a distinguishing feature.

The tail and fins of females are the same shade, and they are mostly yellow in color. Depending on the kind of selection, different colors have different qualities. Apistogramma with two stripes are omnivores. The male fish engage in conflict with one another while fiercely defending their territory from other aquarium occupants. When a male is too active for a female, it frequently results in injuries to the female.

Reticulated acara

An adult’s body length is approximately 16 cm. The body is broad with a little side flattening. Large and reaching from the head to the tail is the dorsal fin. Depending on where the selection is made, the pattern changes in color from red to blue. A noticeable characteristic is the presence of a sizable patch in the center of the body and on the tail. There is a dark stripe in between these spots.

It is not acceptable for the aquarium’s water to contain chemical contaminants, and the water’s temperature shouldn’t fluctuate. Males are territorially aggressive and fiercely protect their turf. They favor living in pairs. The reticulated acara gets along peacefully with other species in a large aquarium. There are a few dozen eggs.

Orange-headed Geophagus

A big fish, up to 25 cm long, with a generally amiable disposition. The males have varying colors, with a gray background and faint orange stripes and strokes of varying lengths. The heads of men are humped. The fins combine shades of blue and red, while the head is painted orange.

The fish only need a few things to survive; they enjoy having fallen leaves on the ground. The character is peaceful and gets along well with other aquarium residents. In their species, relationships are based on a hierarchy, with the alpha male serving as the leader of the pack. Purchasing a geophagus in a group is advised, but no more than eight people should do so. Spawning happens frequently in captivity, and the incubation period lasts for seventy-two hours.

Geophagus proximus

Experienced aquarists rank this species as one of the best for beginning keepers. Adult individuals have a length of 22 cm. The body is primarily blue in color, with a significant amount of orange pigmentation. The body has a sizable patch, and the fins and tail are covered in tiny blue strokes. Members of the species favor small invertebrates for nourishment.

A substrate of gravel or small pebbles must be properly prepared to guarantee comfortable conditions. The fish gets along well with its neighbors and is calm and gentle. Relationships within a species are hierarchical, with the alpha male serving as the primary figure in the school. Geophagus proximus schools should have no more than eight members. Regular spawning occurs, with up to 200 eggs laid by the female, which she holds in her mouth.

Geophagus pindare

A calm fish that requires little attention in terms of nutrition or care, it is simple to breed even for aquarists without the necessary background knowledge. An adult’s length is up to 15 cm. The head is large, and the body is massive and high. The dorsal fin has a small hump, and the fins are elongated in rays. There are thin orange stripes in addition to the primary color, which is silver with a blue tint.

The body has a medium-sized dark spot in the center. The tail and fins are mostly blue in color. The only requirement for appropriate upkeep is sandy soil. It is not permitted to significantly alter the temperature of water. The geophagus coexists peacefully with other fish throughout the rest of the year, only displaying aggression and hostility towards them during the spawning period. The fish pair off during the spawning season.

Geophagus Iporanga

A rare breed of American cichlid that is popular among aquarists; easy to maintain and breed, these fish get along well with other fish in the aquarium. Male adult length can reach 10 cm, while female length can only reach 8 cm. The heads of men are humped. The body is mostly light brown with a few blue specks here and there. The closer one gets to the tail, the more inclusions there are.

Fish are picky consumers of water; if the quality drops, they start to become ill. Every week, at least half of the total water volume needs to be replenished. Males even become aggressive during spawning, defending their territory, according to the character. It is advised to keep no more than eight individuals in a single aquarium. Only when every maintenance requirement is closely followed can sprouting occur.

Geophagus Pellegrini

For some reason, it is very uncommon in aquariums because the fish are so adorable, so unassuming, and they get along well with other fish in the tank. Males grow up to be 15 cm long, while females are only 13 cm. The primary colors are orange and yellow, with three black vertical stripes down the sides of the body. There is a large hump on the back of the head. The principal food source is invertebrates.

This species’ representatives like dim lighting, lots of caves and hiding places, and sandy soil. Fish have high standards for the quality of their water. Although the character is generally peaceful, males may become aggressive in order to protect their territory during the spawning season. The authority of the alpha male serves as the foundation for intraspecific relationships. Eight people maximum can live in a medium-sized aquarium. The female gives her eggs the best possible protection by carrying them in her mouth.

Apistogramma kelleri

The species is also known as Apistogramma letizia. The adult fish have a modest body length of 8 cm for males and 6 cm for females. There is a black stripe on the head, and the predominant color is yellow. The main requirements for keeping fish in an aquarium are soft lighting, a few snags on the bottom, and sandy soil. The fish don’t need a specific aquarium design.

The attitude is completely peaceful; there is no hostility toward other aquarium occupants. It is advised to leave apistogramma alone in aquariums with smaller capacities. The female buries the eggs in the ground or carries them in her mouth after they are laid. The female guards the young when there is little water movement, but the male is in charge of keeping the fry safe when there are significant water fluctuations.

Apistogramma steindachneri

Representatives of this species should only be kept by seasoned aquarists due to the somewhat challenging conditions for keeping them. length of body up to 8 cm. Young fish have a narrow black line running along the side of their bodies, and their bodies are primarily blue and silver in color. The blue hues in the color vanish in an adult and are only visible on the rear fin.

Females have a line running down their bodies and are yellow with dark spots. They enjoy dim light, sand, and the presence of snags. Male behavior during the spawning period is aggressive. One male and two or three females is the ideal student-teacher ratio. The incubation period is between 36 and 72 hours, and the eggs are laid in isolated locations.

Apistogramma tristriata

An entirely trouble-free variety of American cichlids in terms of behavior, care, and interactions with other fish. An adult’s length is 5 cm, making it minuscule in size. The belly is white, and the color is yellow. Three black stripes on the body—on the back, in the middle, and at the bottom of the abdomen—are a defining characteristic. Not picky when it comes to food.

Making a leaf substrate for the aquarium’s bottom is advised in order to establish ideal conditions. The parameters of the water should not change. Males of this species are incompatible in an aquarium; during spawning, there will be particularly strong animosity. Other than that, the fish get along well with one another and never get into arguments with them. The male does not assist in providing for and raising the children.

Geophagus Brokopondo

The fish require an aquarium that holds at least 500 liters in order to live comfortably. An adult’s length is 15 cm. When they get older, the primarily gray color of the juveniles changes to a golden hue. Reddish stripes are visible when light is refracted through the scales; these stripes are the result of a significant buildup of tiny grains.

The fins and tail are blue-spotted burgundy in color. Only sandy soil and pure, chemical-free water are acceptable. They have a submissive nature and do not act aggressively toward other animals. Eight birds should make up a flock of Brokopondo geophagus in an aquarium. Either the female carries the eggs in her mouth, or they are laid on stones.

Geophagus dicrozoster

Geophagus Columbia and Geophagus Rio Negro are two other, more widely used names. This species is not aggressive, requires little care, and gets along well with other aquarium inhabitants. Length: up to 20 cm; primary color: yellow; stripes of blue and red on the tail and fins. The body has a sizable black patch.

Male alphas have stripes that run vertically across their bodies. The suggested aquarium volume starts at 600 liters. Maintaining high water quality without hydrochemical and temperature fluctuations is crucial. Calm: The fish live in peaceful coexistence with other species. The ideal size of a school is eight people. The incubation period lasts no longer than four days, and the eggs are laid on a level surface.

Cichlid Cupid

For experienced aquarists, breeding this species is recommended despite its relative unpretentiousness. Its length ranges from 10 to 17 centimeters. The body’s back and fins are blue, while the front is orange. There are markings in turquoise beneath the eyes. A big black dot is located close to the base of the tail.

Loves dim lighting, and there are at least 300 liters of water in it. It’s important to regularly replace the water in the tank. With the exception of spawning, when males become hostile, the character is submissive. Flock: five to eight people. The existence of an alpha male is the foundation of an intraspecific relationship. One reaches sexual maturity between the ages of 18 and 24 months. Fish mate in pairs, and the eggs are held to the stones by tiny threads. The male and female guard the fry for up to six weeks.

Satanoperca sharp-headed

The sharp head shape is one of the species’ distinguishing characteristics. Its length ranges from 14 to 17 centimeters. The tail rays of males are longer. Beige with a silvery gleam is the hue. The body is covered in numerous horizontal stripes made up of tiny grains. The scales play with a golden tint when they reflect light. The fins have a red paint job. The body is covered in numerous black dots.

The quality and temperature of the water in the aquarium should always be at the same levels. The persona is composed. Aggression may surface during the spawning season, but this behavior is controlled by the instinct to protect their young. It is uncommon for a few dozen eggs to sprout under aquarium conditions, and the incubation period can last up to three days.

Satanoperca lekostikos

The species’ name is derived from a compound of two Latin words that mean "perch" and "devil." The fish has a calm personality and calm behavior, despite its intimidating name. Maximum length of body: 15 cm. Several different types of numerous white inclusions represent the color. The fins also have these kinds of light dots. The species eats everything.

An aquarium with a capacity of 600 liters is ideal for a school of eight fish. The surface is sandy, there are snags all along the bottom to provide cover, and the lighting is dim. Satanoperka are not aggressive toward smaller fish and can be kept in the same aquarium with them. Only in the event that all prerequisites are satisfied can seeds take root. For eight days, the fry are housed in the female’s mouth until they reach their maximum strength.

Spotted Geophagus

The character is kind and loving, and it is completely undemanding of the conditions of keeping. The sole disadvantage of raising fish is the requirement to buy an aquarium with a minimum capacity of 600 liters. Length of body: up to 20 cm; color varies according to the area chosen for the selection. Light green or yellow make up the majority color.

The body is striped in multiple horizontal directions, with a sizable area in the middle. The fins and tail are red, with multiple turquoise markings. The stability of water parameters is more important for the maintenance of the species than the environment’s characteristics. Male aggression during spawning has been observed. The female carries the fry in her mouth for two weeks and lays 200 eggs.

Geophagus Neambi

This kind of geophagus is calm, completely unpretentious, and easy to maintain. The fish avoid getting into arguments or fights with their neighbors in the aquarium. Representatives of this species are very popular among aquarists because they are reasonably priced.

The body is 20 cm long, mostly yellow with hints of orange, and has blue stripes running the length of it. There are turquoise dots on the red tail and fins. Geophagus Neambi prefer sandy soil and low light levels. Males exhibit intolerance towards other fish during spawning in order to protect their young. Within the species, relationships are based on the alpha male’s dominance.

Retroculus shingu

Male adults measure 20 cm in length, while female adults are slightly shorter at 15 cm. While the females have a rounded tail, the males have fins. A blend of light shades of gray, green, and yellow makes up the primary color. The body is covered in vertical dark stripes.

Fish have high standards for the quality and purity of their water. They can hunt their small aquarium neighbors, and their character is generally peaceful. The maximum number of students in a school should be eight. There are 200 eggs laid in a regular spawning cycle, and the incubation period lasts between three and four days.

Inhabitants of Central America

They live in deep, chilly lakes, marshes, and mountain rivers in their natural habitat. The fish’s harsh living circumstances undoubtedly shaped their personalities: they are severe, stand out for being aggressive toward other aquarium occupants, are challenging to get along with, and engage in constant conflict while tenaciously defending their area of the bottom.

Jack Dempsey cichlid

Because of the fish’s explosive nature and brazen, aggressive personality, the species was named for the renowned American boxer Jack Dempsey. reminds one of a boxer and people’s appearance. The body length is up to 20 cm, with a predominant turquoise hue and a lot of yellow inclusions. Green is represented by some as well.

The male cichlid’s pointed anal fin with a red border is one of its distinguishing characteristics. The species eats everything. The fish adore driftwood and live plants. Their sensitivity to the quality of the water is extreme. Schools are only allowed to house fry; it is best to keep them alone as they go through puberty. Smaller neighbors may fall prey to a fish with a challenging personality.

Meeka"s cichlazoma

A cichlazoma that does not exhibit any particular requirements for the conditions of detention and is amicable with other aquarium residents. Males are larger than females, with a body length that varies from 10 to 12 centimeters. The dominant color is blue with a bluish tint; there are a few transverse and dark spots in the body’s center that are only weakly represented by color stripes. stomach red.

People need a sandy bottom and prefer neutral water parameters. They can form pairs during the spawning season and live in small groups. Males fiercely defend their domain, striking out at any neighbors who have smaller or comparable body sizes. Reproduction can occur successfully and regularly with the right diet.

"Red Devil"

Extreme cruelty and aggression are prevalent in the behavior and character of this type of fish, which completely justifies its name. It is bright, noticeable, hardy, and requires little care. The fish measure between thirty and thirty-five centimeters in length. There is a hump on the back of the head in men. Their sharply shaped fins also set them apart from females.

The primary hue is yellow, with rich orange hues blending in. All ornamental elements in the aquarium need to be firmly fixed, and since fish can harm equipment, it needs to be safely hidden and protected. The species’ representatives find it difficult to get along with both their fellow tribesmen and their neighbors in the aquarium of other species.

Red-spotted cichlid

Complete loner, adding more fish species to the aquarium is not advised. Aside from this minor detail, the fish has a high level of physical endurance and is very easy to care for. Length of body: 20 to 5 cm. Pale yellow tones with hints of pink are the color. Numerous dark-colored dots near the base of the tail, found on the body, are a distinctive feature of the species.

There could be a hump on the back of the head in men. Since fish leave behind a lot of organic waste, setting up an aquarium doesn’t require live plants; cleaning it on a regular basis is the most important factor. A warlike personality is hostile to other species and capable of attacking fellow tribe members. This species’ parental instinct is highly developed in its representatives.

Black-striped cichlazoma

A fish with a unique coloring that adapts perfectly to the aquarium’s conditions, but specimens of this species have one negative attribute: they are incredibly aggressive and completely incompatible with other species. However, this disadvantage does not make this species any less well-liked.

The black-striped cichlazoma has a body length of 8 cm for females and 15 cm for males. The color’s characteristic blue and gray stripes, which alternate and mimic a prisoner’s uniform, are one of its most defining characteristics. The fish appear calm and serene at first, but this is just a camouflage mask. The fish are extremely hostile, especially to other aquatic life. They are paired animals that spawn on a regular basis. The males exhibit strong aggression when the female is laying eggs.

Cichlazoma Festa

An exquisite fish with vivid colors. Even though the fish has a lovely appearance, its personality is incredibly ugly. The fish has a hard and complicated nature, and there is very little chance that it will get along with its neighbors in the aquarium. The maintenance requirements are fairly intricate. Food, primarily protein food, and water quality parameters should be "at their best."

The primary color is black and orange stripes that alternate in length, ranging from 12 to 20 centimeters. The tail and fins are reddish-brown in color. People are hostile not just to other fish but also to other members of their own tribe. The Festa cichlazoma simply loses control during the spawning season and will attack aquarium occupants that are noticeably larger than them.

Cichlazoma Salvini

A lovely, colorful fish that is easy to maintain. It only grows to a maximum length of 15 cm and has an obstinate, apprehensive personality. The primary hue is a mix of red and yellow. There is a pattern of dark-colored dots and strokes on the head. The body is lined with a dark longitudinal stripe, and the fins are pointed.

These are carnivorous individuals, only cichlazoma. The existence of expansive areas is the sole prerequisite for upkeep. During spawning, the character is aggressive, especially in males. Within a single school, fish can only live together if they have grown together since they were young. It is possible for fish to sprout in captivity, but they will take a very long time to mate.

Rainbow cichlasoma

A common aquarium resident that is adored for its unique look, carefree attitude toward nutrition, and generally well-balanced personality. There is very little body length—no more than 7 cm. The fins are pointed, and the body is oval and stocky. The rainbow cichlazoma’s hue ranges from gold to orange. The abdomen’s fins are blue. A crooked black stripe extends from the head to the tail.

Live plants are a favorite food of the fish, but the aquarium should also have adequate empty space. People can be identified by their submissive demeanor and serene disposition. They live alone as well as in a school. The two need to be moved to a different tank in order to spawn.

Midas cichlid

An aquarium fish species known for its aggression and warlike nature, named after the avaricious and brutal tyrant king Midas. acts aggressively toward both their own kind and other species. Excessive and uncontrollably gluttony is another characteristic. The fish has a length of between 30 and 35 centimeters, making it fairly large.

Their appearance is strikingly similar to that of the Red Devil cichlid. The primary hue ranges from light pink to rich crimson. Men’s heads have a noticeable hump. The fish has no sense of fullness; it is utterly omnivorous. Decorating the aquarium with decorations is not advised because the cichlid will smash everything and pull up all the plants. Once a pair has formed, reproduction will proceed without any problems.

Peaceful cichlid

In contrast to the majority of northern cichlids, this species is utterly peaceful, gets along well with other residents, and doesn’t give the aquarist too much trouble. The fish is small in every way, even in terms of size—its body length is no more than 10 cm. Massive and somewhat flattened on the sides is the body. Men have more vibrant colors.

Fins have an orange border; the primary colors are yellow and gray. Most females are gray. One black dot is located in the center of the body, and another dot emerges on the tail when it spawns. The fish doesn’t make demands about its food or habitat. Although generally calm, individuals of this species become hostile when they mate. It is only possible to reproduce in pairs.

Yellow cichlazoma

Fish that are docile, sociable, and easy to take care of get along well with other species. The males’ aggression during spawning is the only drawback. An adult’s body length can reach up to 6 cm. Color: yellow with stripes of black. Blue eyes. The fish don’t care much about the aquarium’s design or how it is decorated. They form transient pairs throughout the spawning period. There are 200 eggs, and the incubation period lasts between three and four days.

Also read:

• characin aquarium fish;
• viviparous aquarium fish;
• schooling aquarium fish.

For aquarium enthusiasts, American cichlids are an intriguing group of fish that offer beauty and variety. These cichlids, which are prized for their rich colors, intricate behaviors, and variety of species, can infuse any tank with a lively, dynamic quality. The secret to successfully maintaining them in an aquarium is to comprehend their distinct requirements and traits, from their inclinations for particular habitats to their social interactions. Acquiring knowledge about American cichlids can improve your aquatic setup and make fish-keeping more enjoyable, regardless of experience level.

What to feed American cichlids

The size of the fish and the eating habits of each species determine what they eat. Beef, offal, sea fish, and shrimp (only green shrimp should be provided; the product should be frozen in advance) are the foods that large, carnivorous cichlids prefer.

Residents of aquariums will not turn away mollusks or squid. Tadpoles, newts, and frogs can all be offered as delicacies, but first they must be frozen to destroy any pathogens. Cichlids that are carnivorous and modest in size will favor small invertebrates.

Plant-based food that is appropriate for both carnivorous and omnivorous cichlids. Among the plant foods are:

• lettuce leaves;
• dandelion leaves;
• spinach – can be replaced with rolled oats;
• zucchini;
• cucumber.

Small American cichlids can consume dry industrial food, but you must be picky about what you feed them; it should be of the highest caliber and specialized by species. Multivitamins must be given in addition if the fish is fed natural foods.

American cichlids are a popular choice among aquarium enthusiasts because of their amazing range of colors and personalities. Their vivid colors and captivating habits can give any tank a special charm. These fish, which range in color from the stately Oscars to the lively Convicts, are not only visually appealing but also fascinating to watch.

Compared to some other species, American cichlid maintenance is a little more labor-intensive. For them to flourish, a well-kept environment and lots of space are essential. Maintaining their health and happiness depends on your understanding of their unique needs regarding diet, water quality, and tank size. Even though taking care of these stunning fish can be more demanding, the benefits are well worth the work.

Adding American cichlids to your aquarium can be a rewarding experience, regardless of your level of experience. There are countless opportunities for enjoyment and observation due to their diverse appearances and behaviors. These fish can add beauty and intrigue to your aquatic environment and become a vibrant, dynamic centerpiece in your aquarium with the correct care.

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