Iron snail

Numerous aquarium enthusiasts have become enthralled with the fascinating and resilient iron snail. This snail, which is well-known for its unusual look and resilience, is not only a wonderful addition to your tank but also essential to the upkeep of a balanced aquatic ecosystem.

Everything you need to know about the iron snail will be covered in this article, including its physical traits, natural habitat, maintenance needs, and advantages in aquariums. Acquiring knowledge about this amazing snail can benefit both novice and experienced aquarists in building a healthy ecosystem for their aquatic companions.

Discovery of the species

The Greek word chysomallon means "golden-haired." This definition results from the abundant pyrite, sometimes known as "fool’s gold," in the metal layer covering the snail’s body. The Latin word "squamiferum" means "bearing scales."

In 2001, chysomallons were found. In the Indian Ocean at the time, an international research expedition was operating (Rodriguez triple point). However, as mollusks, these were only officially recognized as a species in 2015.

A unique kind of mollusc with scales inhabits a depth of roughly 2.5 kilometers.

This is the only known living thing with metallized body parts to date.

In addition to being an interesting addition to any aquarium, the iron snail is a hardy freshwater species that also acts as a natural cleaner by eating leftover food and algae, which helps to keep the tank balanced. Both novice and seasoned aquarists favor this snail because of its unusual appearance and minimal maintenance requirements.

Description

A member of the Peltospiridae family is the chestnut-shaped gastropod, or snail chrysomallon squamiferum. Its natural habitat’s harsh conditions forced it to develop "armor." Despite what might initially appear, this is not an optical illusion. Actually, the mollusk’s foot is covered in thick layers of metal scales. The iron sulfides that make up these scales. An additional metal protective shell covers the iron snail’s shell. Most natural enemies are unable to access it because of this.

The mollusk’s eyes are hidden behind the tentacles on its head. The foot is red, but its "armored" coating prevents it from completely hiding within the shell.

Shell

The scaly gastropod is a rather large snail in comparison to other members of the family Peltospiridae. Its shell has a maximum size of 4.55 cm. However, the average size of these mollusks is 32 mm. The iron snail typically has three curls and a fairly large oval mouth.

The mollusk’s shell is white within and dark brown on the exterior. Its surface layer, which is composed of iron sulfides, is 30 microns thick.

The middle layer of the shell is 150 microns thick, five times thicker. It is made up of an organic substance that resembles the conchiolin protein.

Like any other snail, the shell is coated in aragonite from the inside out. The largest layer is the inner one, which is around 250 microns thick.

Every layer of the scaly gastropod’s shell carries out its specific function. Additionally, when taken as a whole, they effectively shield their occupant from outside threats like predators. At a depth of more than two thousand meters, the layer made of organic matter can withstand the highest pressure that living things can withstand. Additionally, by reflecting the heat from thermal springs, it serves as a sort of cooler for the snail’s body.

The innermost layer of the shell is composed of aragonite, or calcium carbonate. The iron snail may only resemble other mollusks in this one way. However, none of them have an iron sulfide coating. As a result, the scaly gastropod stands out among other gastropod invertebrates.

Leg

Hundreds of scales, or sclerites, cover the leg of the Chrysomallon. These plates come in a variety of colors and can reach a length of 8 mm.

Conchiolin serves as the sclerite’s foundation, and an iron sulfide layer covers it on top. Initially, scientists thought that the operculum, which is used by regular mollusks to shut their mouths, and the scales of iron snails were made of the same material. However, the analysis that was done revealed that this is untrue. Beneath the sclerites in the gastropod with a chestnut shape is the operculum itself.

Numerous different microorganisms live within the protective scales of the iron snail. It’s possible that mineralization is accomplished by these bacteria.

Nutrition

Primary food for the scaly snail is symbiotic bacteria. Its digestive system has been streamlined as a result. The intestines of this mollusk have only been shown to contain iron sulfides. Additionally, it lacks a well-developed radula, which is used to grind and scrape food.

The circulatory system, on the other hand, is far more advanced. Simultaneously, the esophageal gland is several times larger than an organ of a similar nature in other species of snail.

Feature Description
Common Name Iron Snail
Scientific Name Chrysomallon squamiferum
Habitat Deep-sea hydrothermal vents
Unique Trait Iron-plated shell
Diet Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria
Size Up to 4 cm in length

An interesting and resilient addition to any aquarium is the iron snail. It is a well-liked option for both novice and seasoned aquarists due to its adaptability and capacity to flourish in a variety of environments. It can add a special charm to your aquatic environment with its unique appearance and serene demeanor.

Although caring for an iron snail is quite simple, it still needs to have its food and habitat properly, just like any other pet. Your snail will remain active and healthy if you provide it with a clean, well-maintained tank filled with food and water.

An iron snail can improve the ecosystem in your aquarium by controlling algae and contributing a bit of aesthetic appeal. This little creature can add a lasting and satisfying element to your underwater environment if given the right care.

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Elena Grishina

Ecologist and aquarist with a special interest in creating balanced ecosystems in aquariums. Main focus — ecosystems that require minimal human intervention. I support a natural approach to aquarium care, where each element plays its role, helping to maintain harmony in a closed ecosystem. I promote sustainable aquarium keeping and respect for nature.

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